singlephase alternating current
Single-phase alternating current (AC) is a fundamental type of electrical power distribution system widely used in residential and light commercial applications. This electrical system delivers power through a circuit with two wires, where voltage and current follow a sinusoidal wave pattern, alternating between positive and negative values 60 times per second in most countries. The system consists of one power wire and one neutral wire, making it simpler and more cost-effective than three-phase systems. Single-phase AC power is typically supplied at 120V or 240V in the United States, proving ideal for powering household appliances, lighting systems, and electronic devices. Its relatively straightforward infrastructure makes it the preferred choice for areas with lower power demands, particularly in residential settings. The system's ability to efficiently transmit power over long distances while maintaining voltage stability through the use of transformers has made it an enduring solution in electrical distribution. Single-phase AC power systems are also equipped with safety features such as circuit breakers and ground fault protection, ensuring reliable and secure operation for everyday use.